Sample Abstract

KRYSTAL CARILLO

Abstract of “Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing (EMDR):

Science or Pseudoscience?” by Bunmi O. Olantunji

If considering therapy for a psychological disorder, one should first read “Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing (EMDR): Science or Pseudoscience?” by Bunmi O. Olantunji, published in 2001 in The New England Journal of Skepticism. In his article, Olantunji examines and analyzes the components of EMDR to determine whether or not it fits the definition of a true science. EMDR, a relatively new therapeutic intervention, was developed by a graduate student named Francine Shapiro in 1987. It claims to be the most effective treatment for Post Traumatic Stress Disorders as well as other psychological disorders. Although EMDR stresses the necessity of saccadic eye movements (sudden and rapid), in reality it uses smooth and voluntary ones. Results have also been produced using techniques other than eye movements, such as standard imagery and finer tapping. These results are similar to those obtained by clients using EMDR. Olantunji repeatedly points out that the development of EMDR consists of numerous theories designed as scientific but which cannot be empirically tested, a vital element of scientific theory. Despite its rising popularity, numerous questions about its validity have arisen. For this reason Olantunji labels EMDR as a pseudoscience that does not measure up to scientific standards.